How to Get Started Creating Oracle Solaris Kernel Zones in Oracle Solaris 1. Duncan Hardie. This article demonstrates three methods for creating, configuring, and managing Oracle Solaris Kernel Zones, a new feature of Oracle Solaris 1. Oracle Solaris Zones while adding the ability to have zones that have independent kernels. Published July 2. Table of Contents.
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Introduction. About Oracle Solaris Zones and Kernel Zones. Benefits of Each Installation Method. Prerequisites. Creating Your First Kernel Zone Using the Direct Installation Method. Updating a Kernel Zone to a Later Oracle Solaris Release.
Installing a Kernel Zone from an ISO Image. Converting a Native Zone to a Kernel Zone. Conclusion. See Also. About the Author. Introduction. Oracle Solaris 1.
Its built- in Oracle Solaris Native Zones technology provides application virtualization through isolated, encapsulated, and highly secure environments that run on top of a single, common kernel. As a result, native zones provide a highly efficient, scalable, zero- overhead virtualization solution that sits at the core of the platform. With the inclusion of the Kernel Zones feature, Oracle Solaris 1. This article describes how to create a kernel zone in Oracle Solaris 1. You will learn about the two main methods of installing a kernel zone: direct installation and installation via an ISO image. In addition, you will learn about a third installation method that enables you to convert a native zone to a kernel zone. You will learn how to update a kernel zone so that it uses a different Oracle Solaris release than the release that is running in the host machine's kernel.
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The examples in this article will leave you familiar with the basic procedures for installing, configuring, and managing kernel zones in Oracle Solaris 1. Note: This article demonstrates how to update a kernel zone from Oracle Solaris 1.
Alternatively, the system administrator can assign rights to other system administrators for specific Oracle Solaris Zones. This flexibility lets you tailor an entire computing environment to the needs of a particular application. Kernel zones, the newest type of Oracle Solaris Zones, provide all the flexibility, scalability, and efficiency of Oracle Solaris Zones while adding the capability to have zones with independent kernels. This capability is highly useful when you are trying to coordinate the updating of multiple zone environments belonging to different owners. With kernel zones, the updates can be done at the level of an individual kernel zone at a time that is convenient for each owner.
In addition, applications that have specific version requirements can run side by side on the same system and benefit from the high consolidation ratios that Oracle Solaris Zones provide. Benefits of the Each Installation Method. In this article, we will create three kernel zones using different methods: The first method will show how quickly and easily you can create a new kernel zone using a direct installation—that is, an installation based on the OS running on the host system. This is an extremely useful method for getting additional kernel zone environments up and running quickly in response to a new application or user demands. Using the second method, you will learn how to create a kernel zone from an ISO image. This is useful when it is desirable to deploy a specific kernel version to support an application or environment.
Using the final method, you will learn how to convert a native zone to a kernel zone. This is useful when you want to update an application or service to run on a later kernel version without affecting the other services running on the system. Figure 1 summarizes what we will do: Figure 1.
Illustration of the three methods for creating kernel zones. Prerequisites. There are a couple of tasks that need to be completed before we create our first kernel zone. We need to check that the hardware is capable of running kernel zones, and we also need to provide a hint to the system about application memory usage. Checking the Hardware Capabilities. Kernel zones will run only on certain types of hardware, as follows: Intel CPUs with CPU virtualization (VT- x) enabled in BIOS and with support for Extended Page Tables (EPT), such as Nehalem or newer CPUs. AMD CPUs with CPU virtualization (AMD- v) enabled in BIOS and with support for Nested Page Tables (NPT), such as Barcelona or newer CPUssun.
CPUs with a . This information is used to limit the growth of the ZFS Adaptive Replacement Cache (ARC) so that more memory stays available for applications and, in this case, for the kernel zones themselves. Providing this hint is achieved by setting the user. A script is provided for doing this, and the current recommendation is to set the value to 8. This article will concentrate on a subset of the steps to demonstrate how to quickly get a kernel zone instance up and running.
Prerequisites. First, check the status of the ZFS file system and the network, as shown in Listing 2. We will see later how these are created for you as you install zones. Also note that there are no virtual network interface card (VNIC) devices. Let's also check the Oracle Solaris version of the global zone, as shown in Listing 3, because we will use this information later. Sun. OS global 5. Listing 3. In Listing 3, we can see the version is Oracle Solaris 1. Note: In this article, we will use uname as a quick way of showing the kernel version of the system.
However, that is not the recommended way to check the system version. The recommended way is to query the entire package, as shown in Listing 4, which also indicates that the version is Oracle Solaris 1.
We cannot see this network device, but it is automatically created upon booting the zone (and also automatically destroyed upon shutdown). We can check this by using the dladm command.
LINK CLASS MTU STATE OVER. We can also see that, as of yet, no storage has been created for our kernel zone.
We can do this by passing the info option to the zonecfg command, as shown in Listing 6. VARSHARE/zones/myfirstkz/disk. G. Listing 6. From the output in Listing 6, we can see that the zone is called myfirstkz, that it is a kernel zone (brand: solaris- kz), that we have a boot disk (and its location is dev: /dev/zvol/dsk/rpool/VARSHARE/zones/myfirstkz/disk. GB of physical memory assigned to this kernel zone. What we don't see is the amount of CPU resources we have for this kernel zone. When nothing is specified, the default is to have one virtual CPU assigned.
We'll see how to verify this later when we boot the kernel zone. Step 2: Install the Kernel Zone.
Now that the kernel zone has been created, we need to install it. For this first installation, we are going to use what is called a direct installation.
With a direct installation, the installer runs on the host. It will create and format the kernel zone's boot disk and install Oracle Solaris packages on that disk, using the host's package publishers. Since the installer is running on the host, the installer can install only the exact version of Oracle Solaris that it is actively running on the host. This installation method makes use of the Oracle Solaris 1. Image Packaging System.
You will need to make sure you have access to your Image Packaging System repository; in this case, we have network access to our repository. For more details on the Image Packaging System, see . We will boot the zone and then access its console using one command at the command line, as shown in Listing 8, so the majority of the console output can be seen. C myfirstkz. . Initial screen of the System Configuration Tool.
Press F2 to continue. In the System Identity screen (shown in Figure 3), enter myfirstkz as the computer name, and then press F2 to continue. Figure 3. System Identity screen. In the Network screen (shown in Figure 4), Enter the network settings appropriate for your network and then press F2. Here we will select Automatically.
Figure 4. Network screen. In the Time Zone: Regions screen (shown in Figure 5), choose the time zone region appropriate for your location. In this example, we chose Europe. Then press F2. Figure 5. Time Zone: Regions screen.
In the Time Zone: Locations screen (shown in Figure 6), choose the time zone location appropriate for your location, and then press F2. Figure 6. Time Zone: Locations screen. In the Time Zone screen (shown in Figure 7), choose the time zone appropriate for your location, and then press F2. Figure 7. Time Zone screen. In the Locale: Language screen (shown in Figure 8), choose the language appropriate for your location, and then press F2. Figure 8. Locale: Language screen.
In the Locale: Territory screen (shown in Figure 9), choose the language territory appropriate for your location, and then press F2. Figure 9. Locale: Territory screen. In the Date and Time screen (shown in Figure 1. F2. Figure 1. 0. Date and Time screen. In the Keyboard screen (shown in Figure 1. F2. Figure 1. 1. Keyboard screen. In the Users screen (shown in Figure 1.
Then press F2. Figure 1. Users screen. In the Support — Registration screen (shown in Figure 1. My Oracle Support credentials.
Then press F2. Figure 1. Support — Registration screen. In the Support — Network Configuration screen (shown in Figure 1.
Oracle. Then press F2. Figure 1. 4. Support — Network Configuration screen. In the System Configuration Summary screen (shown in Figure 1.
F2. Figure 1. 5. System Configuration Summary screen. The zone will continue booting, and soon you will see the console login. SC profile successfully generated as.
Log is available at. Hostname: myfirstkz. Jul 2. 4 1. 5: 2. For this example, we will now exit the console using the . We can verify this by using the dladm command shown in Listing 9. LINK CLASS MTU STATE OVER.
Listing 9. In Listing 9, we can see the VNIC is listed as myfirstkz/net. Step 4: Log In to Your Kernel Zone. The last step is to log in to your zone and have a look.
You can do this from the global zone using the zlogin command, as shown in Listing 1.